Statistical Analyses
Activity 1
1. What is the use of descriptive statistics?
Answer: Descriptive statistics is used to describe an object, person, or group in terms of its, his/her, their characteristics or properties.
2. Mention the three types of descriptive statistics, and explain the use of each!
Answer: three types of descriptive statistics:
a. Frequency distribution: It shows the frequency of scores in each given class or category.
b. Central tendency: It is used to describe in one word or phrase the characteristic or property of something or a group of things.
c. Measure of variable or dispersion: It is measured in order to describe how widely or narrowly the values vary across individuals in one group. The measure of dispersion supplements the measure of central tendency to describe the group by providing additional information of the variability.
3. If you want to see the correlation between two variables, what kind of statistics should you use?
Answer: If we want to see the correlation between two variables, we should use inferential statistics.
Activity 2
a. Here is a set of scores of 20 students on an English Achievement Test:
77 68 85 74 48 63 65 67 73 81 78 74 61
54 76 80 66 88 70 74
1. Calculate the Mean, Median, and Mode!
Answer:
b. Median: 48 54 61 63 65 66 67 68 70 73 74 74 74 76 77 78 80 81 85 88
Me= (73+74):2= 73,5
a. Mode: The most frequently occurring score = 74
2. Calculate the Standard Deviation and the Variance!
a. Standard Deviation =
b. Variance: (Sx)2 = (9,685)2
Sx= 93,799
Sx= 93,8
3. Make a Frequency Distribution analysis of the data into 5 categories with an equal size of the class interval.
Answer:
A Frequency Distribution analysis of 20 students on an English Achievement Test Scores
Class Interval
|
Theoretical Limits
|
Frequency (F)
|
Cumulative
(f)
|
Cumulative
(%)
|
Mid-points
|
46 – 55
|
45,5 – 55,5
|
2
|
20
|
40
|
50.5
|
56 – 65
|
55,5 – 65,5
|
3
|
18
|
36
|
60.5
|
66 – 75
|
65,5 – 75,5
|
8
|
15
|
30
|
70.5
|
76 – 85
|
75,5 – 85,5
|
6
|
7
|
14
|
80.5
|
86 – 95
|
85,5 – 95,5
|
1
|
1
|
2
|
90.5
|
b. Two groups of people have been assigned to an English proficiency, and here are the results. Do they differ significantly in their performance?
Group A: 60 75 68 64 79 49 82 7 66 65 58 71
Group B: 65 75 81 62 55 61 44 3 57 68 53 61
Answer:
They are different significantly in their performance because the Mean of Group A is 62 and the Mean of Group B is 57. It has 5 gaps between them. And the group A’s performance is better than the Group B’s performance based on the Mean gaps.
References:
1. Brown, J.D. 1988. Understanding Research in Language Learning. Cambridge: CUP.
2. Nunan, D. 1989. Research Methods in Language Learning. Cambridge: CUP.
3. Saleh, M. 2001. Pengantar Praktik Penelitian Pengajaran Bahasa. Semarang: IKIP Semarang Press.
4. Tuckman, B.W. 1978. Conducting Educational Research. London: Harcourt Brace Jacobovitz.
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