SIMPLE
PAST TENSE: FUNGSI, RUMUS, DAN CONTOHNYA
 |
| Simple Past Tense |
Adalah
sebuah kalimat yang digunakan untuk menceritakan kegiatan atau kejadian di masa
lampau yang sudah berakhir.
Function:
- Menceritakan kejadian/pengalaman masa lalu
- Menceritakan kebenaran umum masa lalu
- Menceritakan kisah/cerita/sejarah/biografi/legenda/dongeng
- Menceritakan kebiasaan masa lalu
Sebelum masuk ke materinya, ada beberapa hal yang perlu kita perhatikan. Hal-hal tersebut merupakan kunci untuk menguasai Simple Past Tense ini. Beberapa hal tersebut adalah:
1. Menggunakan Verb 2
Verb
atau kata kerja adalah suatu kata yang menerangkan suatu aksi atau kegiatan. Ada
dua kelompok verb, yaitu Regular Verb dan Irregular Verb. Regular Verb adalah
kata kerja beraturan dimana perubahan dari Verb 1 ke verb 2, dan verb 3 hanya
menambahkan –ed saja di belakangnya. Sedangkan Irregular verb adalah kata kerja
tidak beraturan dimana perubahan dari Verb
1 ke verb 2, dan verb 3 bentuknya berubah. Untuk lebih jelasnya silahkan baca
di Verb in English (Regular andIrregular).
For example:
Jenis
|
Verb
1
|
Verb
2
|
Verb
3
|
Meaning
|
Regular
Verb
|
play
|
Played
|
played
|
bermain
|
live
|
Lived
|
lived
|
tinggal
|
|
Irregular
Verb
|
eat
|
Ate
|
eaten
|
makan
|
fly
|
Flew
|
flown
|
terbang
|
2. Time signal masa lalu
Time
signal atau biasa disebut juga dengan adverb of time (keterangan waktu)
merupakan keterangan waktu kapan terjadinya suatu peristiwa tersebut. Dalam Simple
Past Tense ini menggunakan time signal atau keterangan waktu masa lalu. Tim signal
dalam simple past tense harus menunjukan masa lalu, tidak boleh masa depan atau
masa sekarang.
For example time signal dalam Simple
Past Tense:
- Yesterday (kemarin)
- Two days ago (2 hari yang lalu)
- Last night (tadi malam)
- Last month (bulan lalu)
- Last Wednesday (rabu lalu), dst.
3. Ada complement
Complement
atau pelengkap ini bisa berupa adjective (kata sifat), noun (kata benda), atau
adverb (kata keterangan).
For
example:
- Adjective (menerangkan sifat suatu benda): beautiful, hungry, good, big, etc.
- Noun (benda atau hal yang dapat dideskripsikan): house, apple, rice, road, etc.
- Adverb (kata keterangan waktu, tempat, dan cara) : yesterday, at school, at home, slowly, etc.
Setelah
sudah memahami hal-hal di atas, langsung saja masuk ke materinya yaitu Simple
Past Tense:
There
are 2 kinds of making sentences in simple present tense:
1. Verbal
sentence
2. Nominal
sentence
Baca Juga:
VERBAL SENTENCE
Verbal
sentence adalah kalimat yang menggunakan kata kerja (verb). Kalimat ini
digunakan untuk menyatakan/menceritakan suatu aktivitas/kegiatan.
Formula:
(+) Kalimat Positif
S + V2 + O
|
Subjek
apapun, tetap menggunakan V2 tanpa tambahan s/es/ing (sesuai
regular/irregular.)
Examples:
Subject
|
Example
|
I
|
I went to the beach yesterday.
|
You
|
You bought a new pen last week.
|
We
|
We lived in London in 2010
|
They
|
They cut the rope two days ago.
|
He
|
He told me the truth yesterday.
|
She
|
She washed her car last month.
|
It
|
It ate meat last night.
|
(-) Kalimat negatif
S + did not + V1
+ O
|
Subjek
apapun, tetap menggunakan did not (didn’t) dalam kalimat negatif past tense.
Example:
Subject
|
Example
|
I
|
I did not go to the beach yesterday.
|
You
|
You didn’t buy a new pen last week.
|
We
|
We didn’t live in London in
2010
|
They
|
They did not cut the rope two
days ago.
|
He
|
He did not tell me the truth
yesterday.
|
She
|
She didn’t wash her car last
month.
|
It
|
It didn’t eat meat last
night.
|
(?) Kalimat tanya (interogatif)
Did + S + V1
+ O+?
|
Example:
Subject
|
Example
|
How
to respond?
|
I
|
Did I go to the beach
yesterday?
|
Yes, I did/ No, I didn’t
|
You
|
Did you buy a new pen
last week?
|
Yes, you did/ No, you didn’t
|
We
|
Did we live in London
in 2010?
|
Yes, we did/ No, we didn’t
|
They
|
Did they cut the rope
two days ago?
|
Yes, they did/ No, they didn’t
|
He
|
Did he tell me the
truth yesterday?
|
Yes, he did/ No, he didn’t
|
She
|
Did she wash her car
last month?
|
Yes, she did/ No, she didn’t
|
It
|
Did it eat meat last
night?
|
Yes, it did/ No, it didn’t
|
Complete answer: Yes, I did. I went to the beach
yesterday/ No, I didn’t. I didn’t went to the beach yesterday.
Perlu diingat: Penggunaan V2
hanya untuk Kalimat (+) saja, untuk kalimat negative dan pertanyaan menggunakan
V1 lagi.
Baca juga:
NOMINAL SENTENCE
Nominal sentence
adalah kalimat yang tidak menggunakan action verbs, tetapi menggunakan “to be”. Kalimat nomina ini tidak
digunakan untuk menjelaskan aktivitas atau kegiatan, tetapi kalimat nomina ini
digunakan untuk menjelaskan/menggambarkan suatu objek saja. To di sini
mengguanakan “to be past”, yaitu:
To
be
|
|
Present
|
Past
|
am, is
|
was
|
are
|
Were
|
Penggunaan:
Subject
|
To
be
|
Subject
|
To
be
|
|
You
|
+ were
|
I
|
+ was
|
|
We
|
He
|
|||
They
|
She
|
|||
It
|
(+) Kalimat positif
S + to be
(was/were) + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
|
Examples:
Subject
|
Example
|
I
|
I was
lazy
|
We
|
We were students
|
She
|
She was
here
|
It
|
It was
my mistake
|
(-) Kalimat negatif
S + was/were + not
+ Adjective/Noun/Adverb
|
Examples:
Subject
|
Example
|
I
|
I was
not lazy
|
We
|
We were not students
|
She
|
She was
not here
|
It
|
It was
not my mistake
|
Cara menyingkat:
Was
not (wasn’t), were not (weren’t)
(?) Kalimat
Tanya (Interogatif)
Was/Were + S +
Adjective/Noun/Adverb + ?
|
Examples:
Subject
|
Example
|
How
to respond?
|
I
|
Was I
lazy?
|
Yes, I was/ No, I was not
|
We
|
Were we students?
|
Yes, we were / No, we were not
|
She
|
Was
she here?
|
Yes, she was/ No, she was not
|
It
|
Was
it my mistake?
|
Yes, it was/ No, it was not
|
Complete answer: Yes, we were. We were students/ No, we
weren’t. We were not students.
Telling
Past Habit!
Menceritakan
kebiasaan masa lalu yang sekarang sudah tidak lagi dilakukan (Namun bisa dilakukan
lagi pada saat situasi tertentu):
a. S
+ adverb of frequency + V2
Ex: when I was child,
I always swam in the river.
b. S
+ used to + V1
Ex: They used to play
football every afternoon.
c. S
+ was/were + used to + V-ing
Ex: she was used to
hiking mountain.
d. S
+ was/were + accustomed to + V-ing
Ex: When I was at home, I was
accustomed to sleeping along the day.
SPEAKING PRACTICE!
Ask these questions to your friends and then take turn!
Baca juga:
- Pronoun in English
- Noun in English
- Speech about Indonesian Hero
- Example of Narrative Text
- Procedure Text: How to make getuk goreng
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