Introduction (What is & why do research?)
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Activity 1:
1. What is Research?
Answer:
Research is a systematic attempt to provide answer to question. Such answer may be abstract and general as is often the case in basic research, or they may be highly concrete and specific as is often the case in demonstration or applied research.
2. Mention different types of research,
Answer:
There are 2 different types of research. They are Secondary research and Primary research.
3. What are the characteristics of research? Explain each.
Answer:
Characteristic of research:
1. Systematic research: A statistical study has a clear structure with definite procedural rules tht must be followed.
2. Logical Research: The rules and procedures underlying these studies form a straightforward, logical pattern – a step by step progression of building blocks, each of which is necessary for the logic to succeed.
3. Tangible research: Statistical research is tangible in that what it is based on the collection and manipulation of data from the real world.
4. Replicable research: The researcher’s proper presentation and explanation of the system, logic, data collection, and data manipulation in a study should make it possible for the reader to replicate the study
5. Reductive research: Statistical research can reduce the confusion of facts that language and language teaching frequently present, sometimes on a daily basis.
4. Mention the three components of research, and explain what the role of each component in achieving the research goal!
Answer:
The three components of research are:
1. Idea (concepts), it as the main topic of doing research to build the research.
2. Methods (tools such as statistics, measurement), it as the way how research is done to find the result
3. Problem, it as the main subject of doing research.
Activity 2:
1. What is the general purpose of research, and how is it achieved?
Answer:
The purpose of research is to find an answer to a problem through scientific procedures. It is achieved based on the scientific criteria, among others that the proposed answer is testable empirically through observation of data or real events.
It is achieved by doing the several steps of doing research procedures, such as: the preparation stage, the implementation stage, and the completion stage.
2. Explained the difference between basic and applied research!
Answer:
Such answer may be abstract and general as is often the case in basic research, or they may be highly concrete and specific as is often the case in demonstration or applied research.
Basic research is concerned with the relationship between two or more variables. Applied research is a test or try out that includes systematic evaluation.
3. Mention (in the right order) the steps involved in the research process!
Answer:
Steps in the research process:
a. Identifying a problem
b. Constructing a Hypothesis
c. Identifying and Labeling Variables
d. Constructing Operational Definitions
e. Manipulating and Controlling Variables
f. Constructing a Research Design
g. Identifying and Constructing Devices for Observation and Measurement
h. Constructing Questionnaires and Interview Schedules
i. Carrying out Statistical Analyses
j. Using the Computer for Data Analysis
k. Writing a Research Report
l. Conducting Classroom Research
m. Conducting Evaluation Studies
4. What are the ethical considerations to be taken in doing research?
Answer:
a. The Right to Privacy or Nonparticipation
b. The Right to Remain Anonymous
c. The Right to Confidentiality
d. The Right to Expect Experimenter Responsibility
References:
1. Brown, J.D. 1988. Understanding Research in Language Learning. Cambridge: CUP.
2. Nunan, D. 1989. Research Methods in Language Learning. Cambridge: CUP.
3. Saleh, M. 2001. Pengantar Praktik Penelitian Pengajaran Bahasa. Semarang: IKIP Semarang Press.
4. Tuckman, B.W. 1978. Conducting Educational Research. London: Harcourt Brace Jacobovitz.
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