APA ITU SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE?
(Fungsi, Formula, Contoh, dan Latihan)
Function:
- Menceritakan kejadian/pengalaman masa sekarang.
- Menceritakan kebenaran umum/kenyataan.
- Menceritakan kebiasaaan/kegiatan sehari-hari/kegiatan berulang.
Biasanya
menggunakan time signals:
Time
signal adalah waktu yang menunjukan kapan sesuatu terjadi. Dalam simple present
tense, maka time signal harus menunjukan masa sekarang, misalnya:
- Every morning
- Every day
- Every Sunday
- Etc.
- Always (100%) : Selalu
- Usually (90%) : Sering
- Often (70%) : Biasanya
- Sometimes (50%) : Kadang-kadang
- Seldom (20%) : Jarang
- Rarely (10%) : Jarang
- Never (0%) : Tidak pernah
There
are 2 kinds of making sentences in simple present tense
- Verbal sentence
- Nominal sentence
VERBAL SENTENCE
Verbal
sentence adalah kalimat yang menggunakan kata kerja (verb). Kalimat ini
digunakan untuk menyatakan/menceritakan suatu aktivitas/kegiatan.
Formula (+):
(+) S + V1 (s/es) +
O
|
Ada
perbedaan subjek yang menggunakan V1 atau Vs/es.
Perhatikan yang berikut ini:
Subject
|
Verb
|
Example
|
I
You
We
They
Subject plural
|
+
V1
|
I read novel
every evening.
You always do
your best.
We never go
to France.
They go to
school every day.
Ani and Dana usually
play together.
|
She
He
It
Subject tunggal
|
+
V(s/es)
|
She seldom eats
vegetable.
He cooks
every morning.
It has
wings.
The bird flies
in the sky.
|
Note:
Perbedaan
penggunaan “has” dan “have”
|
||
Subject
|
Has/have
|
Example
|
I, You, We, They
|
Have
|
We have an egg
|
She, He, It
|
Has
|
She has a boyfriend
|
Formula (-):
(-) S + do not/does not + V1 + O
|
Penggunaan
“do not” dan “does not” bergantung dari subjeknya. Perhatikan perbedaannya di
bawah ini:
Perbedaan
penggunaan
“do
not” dan “does not”
|
||
Subject
|
Do
not/ Does not
|
Verb
|
I, You, We, They
|
do not (don’t)
|
Verb 1 (tanpa s/es)
|
She, He, It
|
does not (doesn’t)
|
Verb 1(tanpa s/es)
|
Example:
Subject
|
Example
|
I
You
We
They
Subject plural
|
I don’t read
novel every evening.
You don’t
know me.
We don’t go
to France.
They don’t go
to school every day.
Ani and Dana don’t
play together.
|
She
He
It
Subject tunggal
|
She doesn’t eat
vegetable.
He doesn’t cook
every morning.
It doesn’t have wings.
The bird doesn’t
fly in the sky.
|
Note:
Dalam
kalimat negatif, setelah “does not” kata “has” berubah menjadi “have”. Itu
berlaku untuk semua subjek.
Formula (?):
(?) Do/Does + S + V1 + O+?
|
Perbedaan
penggunaan
“Do”
dan “Does”
|
||
Subject
|
Do/Does
|
Verb
|
I, You, We, They
|
Do
|
Verb 1 (tanpa s/es)
|
She, He, It
|
Does
|
Verb 1(tanpa s/es)
|
Example:
Subject
|
Example
|
I
|
Do I
smoke?
|
You
|
Do
you play guitar well?
|
We
|
Do
we live in London?
|
They
|
Do
they meet you every holiday?
|
He
|
Does
he often meet her?
|
She
|
Does
she wash her car every Sunday?
|
It
|
Does
it cry every night?
|
Cara menjawabnya:
Kalau iya:
Yes,
He does. (Berlaku untuk subjek She, He, It, Subjek tunggal)
Yes,
I do. (Berlaku untuk subjek I, You, We, They, Subjek Jamak)
Kalau tidak:
No,
He doesn’t. (Berlaku untuk subjek She, He, It, Subjek tunggal)
No,
I don’t. (Berlaku untuk subjek I, You, We, They, Subjek Jamak)
Baca juga:
NOMINAL SENTENCE
Nominal
sentence adalah kalimat yang tidak menggunakan action verbs, tetapi menggunakan
“to be”. Kalimat nomina ini tidak
digunakan untuk menjelaskan aktivitas atau kegiatan, tetapi kalimat nomina ini
digunakan untuk menjelaskan/menggambarkan suatu objek saja. To be di sini
mengguanakan “to be present”, yaitu:
To be Present:
Subjek
|
Tobe
|
I
|
Am
|
You, We, They (Jamak)
|
Are
|
She, He, It (Tunggal)
|
Is
|
Formula (+):
(+) S + to be (is/am/are) + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
|
Examples:
Subject
|
Example
|
I
|
I am a teacher
|
We
|
We
are happy
|
She
|
She
is here
|
It
|
It
is my mistake
|
Formula (-):
(-) S + tobe + not + Adjective/Noun/Adverb
|
Examples:
Subject
|
Example
|
I
|
I am not lazy
|
We
|
We
are not pilots
|
She
|
She
is not here
|
It
|
It
is not my mistake
|
Cara menyingkat:
is
not (isn’t), are not (aren’t)
Formula (?):
(?) Is/Am/Are + S + Adjective/Noun/Adverb + ?
|
Examples:
Subject
|
Example
|
How to respond?
|
I
|
Am I diligent?
|
Yes,
I am/ No, I am not
|
We
|
Are
we
students?
|
Yes,
we are / No, we are not
|
She
|
Is
she there?
|
Yes,
she is/ No, she is not
|
It
|
Is
it my mistake?
|
Yes,
it is/ No, it is not
|
Complete answer: Yes, we are. We are students/ No, we aren’t.
We are not students.
Let’s
talk about habit!
Baca juga:
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